BECAUSE both norepinephrine and sympathetic stimulation produce vasoconstriction there has been much speculation about the role of norepinephrine in essential hypertension. Hypertensive patients have ...

Catecholamines, such as dopamine and adrenaline, are hormones produced by the brain, nerve tissues, and adrenal glands. They are responsible for the body’s “fight-or-flight” response. Dopamine, ...

Because glucagon in animals has positive inotropic and chronotropic effects in the presence of beta-adrenergic blockade, catecholamine depletion or full digitalization, its cardiovascular effects in ...