Russell has a PhD in the history of medicine, violence, and colonialism. His research has explored topics including ethics, science governance, and medical involvement in violent contexts. Russell has ...

New study reveals that Earth's inner core is undergoing unexpected structural changes, challenging long-held assumptions about its solidity.

Researchers at Göttingen University have uncovered new evidence that some of Earth’s most precious metals began their journey far deeper than once thought. Working with volcanic rocks from ocean ...

Scientists may finally be closing in on the origins of two colossal, mysterious structures buried nearly 1,800 miles inside Earth—hidden formations that have puzzled researchers for decades. New ...

The solid inner core at the center of the Earth, surrounded by the outer core, mantle and crust. Here’s why: While it is well known that a material must be at or below its freezing temperature to be ...

A new scientific revelation reveals that deep in the Earth’s core lies a good amount of hydrogen as well as a large amount of iron. While the iron in the core has always been recognized as dominant, ...

Cartoon of the Earth with cutaway showing the mantle and inner and outer core. Magnetic field lines produced by the geodynamo extend into space and interact with the solar wind. The iron-rich core at ...