Introduction to ciphers and substitution. Alice and Bob and Carl and Julius: terminology and Caesar Cipher ; The key to the matter: generalizing the Caesar Cipher ; Multiplicative ciphers ; Affine ...

We all have secrets to keep. Those secrets could be personal dirt we want to keep from others, or they could be something as mundane as our credit card numbers or medical histories. But all of us have ...

This was one of the most secure hand ciphers used in the Second World War. It was used by both the Allies and the Axis, and served both well. Its main weakness was that if the attacker intercepted two ...

The message is called the plaintext because it is the unchanged source information. Example: The cat ran away. The secret message generated is called a cipher or ciphertext and it is the encrypted ...

Last week’s installment on columnar transposition ciphers described a formula for the underlying permutation for a CTC. If we assume that the number of columns being used divides the length of the ...