A firm that wants to use a large language model (LLM) to summarize sales reports or triage customer inquiries can choose between hundreds of unique LLMs with dozens of model variations, each with ...

The Bjerksund-Stensland model is a key method for pricing American options. It helps investors determine optimal times for exercising options with dividends considered.

From autonomous cars to video games, reinforcement learning (machine learning through interaction with environments) can have ...

Abstract: In this paper, a hypervolume contribution approximation method is proposed. The main idea is to find out all angular points in the hypervolume contribution region of the solution by ...

1 Warwick Mathematics Institute, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom 2 School of Computer and Information Engineering, Luoyang Institute of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China To ...

Let $P(m, X, N)$ be an $m$-degree polynomial in $X\in\mathbb{R}$ having fixed non-negative integers $m$ and $N$. Essentially, the polynomial $P(m, X, N)$ is a result ...

Abstract: Reinforcement Learning is a branch of machine learning to learn control strategies that achieve a given objective through trial-and-error in the environment ...

Computational Brain Science Lab, Division of Computational Science and Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden This paper presents an analysis of properties of two hybrid ...

1 College of Mathematics and Information Science, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China. 2 School of Statistics and Data Science, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China.

ABSTRACT: Accurately approximating higher order derivatives is an inherently difficult problem. It is shown that a random variable shape parameter strategy can improve the accuracy of approximating ...