Bitcoin is trading 45% below its long-run trend, suggesting structural undervaluation rather than euphoric excess. A Z-score ...

When economic pressure becomes political coercion, the issue is no longer ideology — it is principle. I have admired the Cuban Revolution for as long as I have studied the history of liberation ...

Real-world optimization problems often require an external “modeling engine” that computes fitnesses or data that are then input to an objective function. These programs often have much longer ...