Life on Earth rests on a knife-edge of chemistry that could easily have tipped the other way. As geochemists reconstruct the ...
Life on Earth may exist thanks to an incredible stroke of luck — a chemical sweet spot that most planets miss during their ...
The new plot twist is that in order to keep enough nitrogen and phosphorus near its surface, a planet has to start out with ...
Ancient enzymes show life’s nitrogen signal stayed unchanged for billions of years, helping scientists read early Earth.
Oxygen fills the air today, but for most of Earth’s early history it barely existed. Scientists say the atmosphere did not hold steady oxygen until about 2.