Robert Stammer, CFA, is the former director of investor engagement at CFA Institute and writes on thought leadership in the investment management industry. Charlene Rhinehart is a CPA , CFE, chair of ...

Neural encoding is the study of how neurons represent information with electrical activity (action potentials) at the level of individual cells or in networks of neurons. Studies of neural encoding ...

How does the cell convert DNA into working proteins? The process of translation can be seen as the decoding of instructions for making proteins, involving mRNA in transcription as well as tRNA. But ...