Arduino is a microcontroller designed for real-time hardware control with very low power use. Raspberry Pi is a full computer that runs operating systems and handles complex tasks. Arduino excels at ...

Abstract: Stepper motors are widely employed in equipment requiring indexing motion due to their simple control scheme and low cost compared to three-phase permanent-magnet (PM) servo machines.

Abstract: Velocity profiles, particularly S-curves, are widely used in open-loop stepper motor control to reduce step missing and overshoot. However, because offline methods are inflexible and require ...