Background Despite several intensive interventions, HIV remains a major public health challenge affecting many individuals worldwide and highlighting ongoing gaps in HIV testing. Objectives To assess ...

Abstract: The class imbalance problem usually occurs in real applications. The class imbalance is that the amount of one class may be much less than that of another in training set. Under-sampling is ...

Abstract: A current assumption of most clustering methods is that the training data and future data are taken from the same distribution. However, this assumption may not hold in most real-world ...