Abstract: Stacked packaging is a widely used method for products, with appearance inspections typically conducted manually. However, this manual approach often suffers from low accuracy, inefficiency, ...

For decades, engineers relied on a “design–build–test–fix” loop to bring new products to market. Engineers would create drawings or CAD models, send them to manufacturing, and wait for physical ...

The widespread use of carbon fibre-reinforced composites (CFRCs) in the automotive, aerospace and energy industries is driven by the need for lightweight, durable materials. However, the limited ...