Real-world optimization problems often require an external “modeling engine” that computes fitnesses or data that are then input to an objective function. These programs often have much longer ...

Airport runways seem pretty simple, just another strip of asphalt or concrete not unlike the roads that our cars drive upon every day. We can even use these same highways as landing strips in a ...

Abstract: Line edge roughness (LER) is an undesirable phenomenon that arises during semiconductor fabrication processes, causing fluctuations in the characteristics of semiconductor devices and ...

Abstract: This letter proposes a directivity-compensated wideband coupled-line-based microstrip coupler that incorporates capacitive-loading patches and reflectionless amplitude equalizers. Three tiny ...