Bill Gates didn’t reject intelligence in software back then, rather he rejected the mythology around it. By talking about “softer software,” he envisioned systems that learned from users, adapted to ...

Lock dynamic arrays into fixed shapes so dashboards stay neat, tables stack cleanly, and templates keep their layout.

Build stable, high-performance dashboards using REPT formulas and UNICHAR symbols instead of conditional formatting.

We examine aggregate productivity differences across nations using cross-country firm-level data and a quantitative model of production heterogeneity with distortions featuring operation decisions ...