CBSE Class 12 Organic Chemistry is often seen as memory-heavy, but it is built on clear patterns. From functional groups and reaction mechanisms to redox behaviour and named reactions, recognising ...

To calculate percentage, sum obtained marks and divide by total maximum marks, then multiply by 100. Students should follow CBSE guidelines as practicals and subject rules may vary.

Real-world optimization problems often require an external “modeling engine” that computes fitnesses or data that are then input to an objective function. These programs often have much longer ...