Self-regulating systems with feedback loops, i.e., the routing back of the output of a system to its input, have existed since antiquity and have since become an integral part of modern technology.

Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) is the most common industrial technology for closed-loop control. A proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller can be used to control temperature, ...

For those new to fields like robotics or aerospace, it can seem at first glance that a problem like moving a robot arm or flying an RC airplane might be simple problems to solve. It turns out, however ...