More than a century ago, Pavlov trained his dog to associate the sound of a bell with food. Ever since, scientists have assumed the dog learned this through repetition. The more times the dog heard ...

How we learn to predict an outcome isn’t determined by how many times a cue and reward happen together. Instead, how much ...

Subtle shifts in how users described symptoms to AI chatbots led to dramatically different, sometimes dangerous medical advice.

Negative reinforcement has a bad reputation. Here’s what it really means, and why it can be surprisingly helpful.

Abstract: Precise and agile flight maneuvers are essential for quadrotor applications, yet traditional control methods are limited by their reliance on flat trajectories or computationally intensive ...