Abstract: System parameters are critical to understanding system dynamics, yet identifying them—especially when they are hidden within complex interacting systems—remains challenging. In the era of ...
Background In early 2026, OpenClaw (formerly known as Clawdbot and Moltbot), an open-source autonomous AI agent project, quickly attracted global attention. As an automated intelligent application ...
Abstract: Subspace identification (SID) has been widely used in system identification and control fields, since it can estimate system models while only relying on the input and output data using ...